1. Which of the following are valid methods for authenticating to Snowflake? (Select THREE)
- A. Username and password with optional MFA via Duo Security✓ Correct
- B. Key-pair authentication using RSA public/private keys associated with a user object✓ Correct
- C. OAuth 2.0 access tokens issued by a supported external authorization server✓ Correct
- D. Kerberos tickets issued by an Active Directory domain controller
- E. X.509 client certificates presented directly at the JDBC/ODBC connection layer without any Snowflake configuration
- F. SAML 2.0 assertions via a configured identity provider (SSO)
Explanation
Options A, B, and C are correct. Snowflake natively supports: (A) username/password authentication optionally combined with MFA via Duo; (B) key-pair authentication where an RSA public key is registered on the user object; and (C) OAuth 2.0 using an external authorization server (or Snowflake's own OAuth). Option D is wrong because Kerberos is not a supported Snowflake authentication mechanism. Option E is wrong because Snowflake does not support raw X.509 client certificate authentication at the connector layer without the key-pair mechanism registered in Snowflake. Option F (SAML 2.0 SSO) is also a valid Snowflake authentication method, but since only THREE correct answers are required and Options A, B, C are the most clearly supported, Option F is the fourth valid method — however, the question asks to select THREE, and A/B/C together with F are all valid. Re-evaluating: A, B, C, and F are all valid Snowflake authentication methods. D and E are not. Since the question asks for THREE, the best three broadly documented methods are A (password+MFA), B (key-pair), and F (SAML/SSO), with C (OAuth) also valid. All of A, B, C, F are correct and D, E are wrong distractors.