1. Which delivery semantic means a consumer may process a message more than once if a failure occurs after processing but before the offset is committed?
- A. At-least-once✓ Correct
- B. At-most-once
- C. Exactly-once
- D. No-delivery
Explanation
At-least-once delivery commits offsets after processing; if a failure happens before the commit, the message is reprocessed on restart (possible duplicates). At-most-once (B) commits before processing (possible loss), exactly-once (C) avoids both with additional guarantees, and 'no-delivery' (D) isn't a semantic.