Kafka clients (producers, consumers, Streams) expose runtime metrics primarily through which mechanism?
- A. JMX (Java Management Extensions) metrics✓ Correct
- B. DNS records
- C. S3 access logs
- D. The Schema Registry API
Explanation
Kafka clients expose metrics via JMX, which monitoring systems scrape (often through exporters) for throughput, latency, and lag. The Schema Registry API (D) serves schemas, S3 logs (C) and DNS (B) are unrelated to client metrics.